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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personality_rights
Germany
In Germany personality rights are protected under the German civil code.
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EXCERPT FROM:
http://www.utexas.edu/law/academics/centers/transnational/work_new/german/case.php?id=726

Sec. II. The application for a declaration and the giving of information:
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para. 1.
"The general right of personality has been recognised
in the case law of the Bundesgerichtshof since 1954 as a basic right
constitutionally guaranteed by Arts 1 and 2 of the Basic Law and at the
same time as an "other right" protected in civil law under § 823 (1) of
the BGB (constant case law since BGHZ 13, 334, 338 - readers' letters).
It guarantees as against all the world the protection of human dignity
and the right to free development of the personality. Special forms of
manifestation of the general right of personality are the right to
one's own picture (§§ 22 ff. of the KUG) and the right to one's name (§
12 of the BGB). They guarantee protection of the personality for the
sphere regulated by them (reference omitted)."

Original author: Professor Basil Markesinis

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personality_rights
2.13 United States
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The rights are based in tort law, and the four causes of action are:
1) Intrusion upon physical solitude;
2) public disclosure of private facts;
3) depiction in a false light; and
4) appropriation of name and likeness.

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http://www.vjolt.net/vol6/issue1/v6i1a03-Carpenter.html
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IV.  The Right of Publicity as Distinguished from the Privacy Tort
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27.
In his landmark article, “Privacy,” Dean Prosser identified four
causes of action under the privacy tort:

    [I]ntrusion upon the plaintiff’s seclusion or solitude, or into his
    private affairs[;]

    public disclosure of embarrassing private facts about the plaintiff[;]

    publicity which places the plaintiff in a false light in the public
    eye[;] [and]

    appropriation, for the defendant’s advantage, of the plaintiff’s name
    and likeness.[69]

This last tort, appropriation of the plaintiff’s name and likeness,
ultimately became the basis for the right of publicity,[70] and is the
branch of privacy that is most relevant to our discussion.

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privacy_laws_of_the_United_States

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Appropriation of name or likeness

Although privacy is often a common-law tort, most states have enacted
statutes that prohibit the use of a person’s name or image if used
without consent for the commercial benefit of another person.

Appropriation of name or likeness occurs when a person uses the name
or likeness of another person for personal gain or commercial advantage.

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