To prove using sat matrix: negate the theorem convert to clause form convert to sat matrix ===================== prove matrix unsatisfiable To prove using resolution: negate the theorem convert to clause form derive an empty clause using the resolution rule (a u b u c u d ) and (~a v m u n...) gives: b v c v d m v n ..... Existential Graphs: (negate the theorem. derive a () on the sheet. ____________________ Logic EGs P P ~P (P) P and Q P Q P or Q ((P) (Q)) P => Q (P (Q)) Idea: Circle Goal derive an empty circle on the sheet! Rules: ((x)) ---> x. x x ---> x x can kill inner copy at any level of nesting: x (z(x y)) --> (z(y)) Example: [A => (B or C)) and ~C and B => D therefore A => D. in EGs: ((A (((B) (C)))) (C) (B (D)) ((A (D))) ) Negate goal: (((A (((B) (C)))) (C) (B (D)) ((A (D))) )) Remove Double Negation (A (((B) (C)))) (C) (B (D)) ((A (D))) Remove double negation: (A (B) (C)) (C) (B (D)) A (D) Kill A: ((B) (C)) (C) (B (D)) A (D) KILL (D): ((B) (C)) (C) (B) A (D) KILL (B): ((C)) (C) (B) A (D) KILL (C): () (C) (B) A (D) We are done since there is a () on the sheet!!!